Manganese is necessary in photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and to
form other compounds required for plant metabolism.
Soils in which deficiency is prominent
Manganese deficiencies mainly occur on organic soils, high-pH
soils, sandy soils low in organic matter, and on over-limed soils.
Soil manganese may be less available in dry, well-aerated soils, but
can become more available under wet soil conditions when manganese
is reduced to the plant-available form. Conversely, manganese
toxicity can result in some acidic, high-manganese soils. Uptake of
manganese decreases with increased soil pH and is adversely affected
by high levels of available iron in soils.
Symptoms of Deficiency
Inter-veinal chlorosis is a characteristic manganese-deficiency
symptom. In very severe manganese deficiencies, brown necrotic spots
appear on leaves, resulting in premature leaf drop. Delayed maturity
is another deficiency symptom in some species. Whitish-gray spots on
leaves of some cereal crops and shortened internodes in cotton are
other manganese-deficiency symptoms.
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